The Human Touch

Wednesday, 9 May 2018

Monday, 1 February 2016

Friday, 1 January 2016

Wednesday, 30 December 2015

Friday, 27 November 2015

Thursday, 26 November 2015

Wednesday, 25 November 2015

Friday, 20 November 2015

THE HUMAN TOUCH 08

MODI PER JARI DAAK TICKTE

THE HUMAN TOUCH

THE HUMAN TOUCH

THE HUMAN TOUCH

THE HUMAN TOUCH

JEET AUR HAAR

THE HUMAN TOUCH

Thursday, 19 November 2015

GUN

THE HUMAN TOUCH

रानी लक्ष्मीबाई (Rani Lakshmi Bai)

भारत में जब भी महिलाओं के सशक्तिकरण की बात होती है तो महान वीरांगना रानी लक्ष्मीबाई की चर्चा जरूर होती है. रानी लक्ष्मीबाई (Rani Lakshmi Bai) ना सिर्फ एक महान नाम है बल्कि वह एक आदर्श हैं उन सभी महिलाओं के लिए जो खुद को बहादुर मानती हैं और उनके लिए भी एक आदर्श हैं जो महिलाएं सोचती है कि वह महिलाएं हैं तो कुछ नहीं कर सकती.

देश के पहले स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाने वाली रानी लक्ष्मीबाई के अप्रतिम शौर्य से चकित अंग्रेजों ने भी उनकी प्रशंसा की थी और वह अपनी वीरता के किस्सों को लेकर किंवदंती बन चुकी हैं.

रानी लक्ष्मीबाई का जीवन

रानी लक्ष्मीबाई (Rani Lakshmi Bai) का जन्म 19 नवंबर, 1828 को काशी के असीघाट, वाराणसी में हुआ था. इनके पिता का नाम मोरोपंत तांबे और माता का नाम ‘भागीरथी बाई’ था. इनका बचपन का नाम ‘मणिकर्णिका’ रखा गया परन्तु प्यार से मणिकर्णिका को ‘मनु’ पुकारा जाता था.

मनु जब मात्र चार साल की थीं, तब उनकी मां का निधन हो गया. पत्नी के निधन के बाद मोरोपंत मनु को लेकर झांसी चले गए. रानी लक्ष्मी बाई का बचपन उनके नाना के घर में बीता, जहां वह “छबीली” कहकर पुकारी जाती थी. जब उनकी उम्र 12 साल की थी, तभी उनकी शादी झांसी के राजा गंगाधर राव के साथ कर दी गई.

रानी लक्ष्मीबाई की शादी

उनकी शादी के बाद झांसी की आर्थिक स्थिति में अप्रत्याशित सुधार हुआ. इसके बाद मनु का नाम लक्ष्मीबाई रखा गया.

अश्वारोहण और शस्त्र-संधान में निपुण महारानी लक्ष्मीबाई ने झांसी किले के अंदर ही महिला-सेना खड़ी कर ली थी, जिसका संचालन वह स्वयं मर्दानी पोशाक पहनकर करती थीं. उनके पति राजा गंगाधर राव यह सब देखकर प्रसन्न रहते. कुछ समय बादरानी लक्ष्मीबाई (Rani Lakshmi Bai)ने एक पुत्र को जन्म दिया, पर कुछ ही महीने बाद बालक की मृत्यु हो गई.

मुसीबतों का पहाड़

पुत्र वियोग के आघात से दु:खी राजा ने 21 नवंबर, 1853 को प्राण त्याग दिए. झांसी शोक में डूब गई. अंग्रेजों ने अपनी कुटिल नीति के चलते झांसी पर चढ़ाई कर दी. रानी ने तोपों से युद्ध करने की रणनीति बनाते हुए कड़कबिजली, घनगर्जन, भवानीशंकर आदि तोपों को किले पर अपने विश्वासपात्र तोपची के नेतृत्व में लगा दिया.

खूब लड़ी मर्दानी वह तो….

रानी लक्ष्मीबाई का चण्डी स्वरूप

14 मार्च, 1857 से आठ दिन तक तोपें किले से आग उगलती रहीं. अंग्रेज सेनापति ह्यूरोज लक्ष्मीबाई की किलेबंदी देखकर दंग रह गया. रानी रणचंडी का साक्षात रूप रखे पीठ पर दत्तक पुत्र दामोदर राव को बांधे भयंकर युद्ध करती रहीं. झांसी की मुट्ठी भर सेना ने रानी को सलाह दी कि वह कालपी की ओर चली जाएं. झलकारी बाई और मुंदर सखियों ने भी रणभूमि में अपना खूब कौशल दिखाया. अपने विश्वसनीय चार-पांच घुड़सवारों को लेकर रानी कालपी की ओर बढ़ीं. अंग्रेज सैनिक रानी का पीछा करते रहे. कैप्टन वाकर ने उनका पीछा किया और उन्हें घायल कर दिया.

अंतिम जंग का दृश्य

22 मई, 1857 को क्रांतिकारियों को कालपी छोड़कर ग्वालियर जाना पड़ा. 17 जून को फिर युद्ध हुआ. रानी के भयंकर प्रहारों से अंग्रेजों को पीछे हटना पड़ा. महारानी की विजय हुई, लेकिन 18 जून को ह्यूरोज स्वयं युद्धभूमि में आ डटा. रानी लक्ष्मीबाई (Rani Lakshmi Bai) ने दामोदर राव को रामचंद्र देशमुख को सौंप दिया. सोनरेखा नाले को रानी का घोड़ा पार नहीं कर सका. वहीं एक सैनिक ने पीछे से रानी पर तलवार से ऐसा जोरदार प्रहार किया कि उनके सिर का दाहिना भाग कट गया और आंख बाहर निकल आई. घायल होते हुए भी उन्होंने उस अंग्रेज सैनिक का काम तमाम कर दिया और फिर अपने प्राण त्याग दिए. 18 जून, 1857 को बाबा गंगादास की कुटिया में जहां इस वीर महारानी ने प्राणांत किया वहीं चिता बनाकर उनका अंतिम संस्कार किया गया.

रानी लक्ष्मीबाई (Rani Lakshmi Bai) ने कम उम्र में ही साबित कर दिया कि वह न सिर्फ बेहतरीन सेनापति हैं बल्कि कुशल प्रशासक भी हैं. वह महिलाओं को अधिकार संपन्न बनाने की भी पक्षधर थीं. उन्होंने अपनी सेना में महिलाओं की भर्ती की थी.

आज कुछ लोग जो खुद को महिला सशक्तिकरण का अगुआ बताते हैं वह भी स्त्रियों को सेना आदि में भेजने के खिलाफ हैं पर इन सब के लिए रानी लक्ष्मीबाई (Rani Lakshmi Bai) एक उदाहरण हैं कि अगर महिलाएं चाहें तो कोई भी मुकाम हासिल कर सकती हैं.

THE HUMAN TOUCH

Wednesday, 18 November 2015

Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi

Indira Gandhi


Prime Minister of India
In office 14 January 1980 – 31 October 1984
President	Neelam Sanjiva Reddy Zail Singh
Preceded by	Charan Singh
Succeeded by	Rajiv Gandhi
In office 24 January 1966 – 24 March 1977
President	Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Zakir Husain V. V. Giri Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
Deputy	Morarji Desai
Preceded by	Gulzarilal Nanda (Acting)
Succeeded by	Morarji Desai
Minister of External Affairs
In office 9 March 1984 – 31 October 1984
Preceded by	P. V. Narasimha Rao
Succeeded by	Rajiv Gandhi
In office 22 August 1967 – 14 March 1969
Preceded by	M. C. Chagla
Succeeded by	Dinesh Singh
Minister of Defence
In office 14 January 1980 – 15 January 1982
Preceded by	Chidambaram Subramaniam
Succeeded by	R. Venkataraman
In office 30 November 1975 – 20 December 1975
Preceded by	Swaran Singh
Succeeded by	Bansi Lal
Minister of Home Affairs
In office 27 June 1970 – 4 February 1973
Preceded by	Yashwantrao Chavan
Succeeded by	Uma Shankar Dikshit
Minister of Finance
In office 16 July 1969 – 27 June 1970
Preceded by	Morarji Desai
Succeeded by	Yashwantrao Chavan
Minister of Information and Broadcasting
In office 9 June 1964 – 24 January 1966
Prime Minister	Lal Bahadur Shastri
Preceded by	Satya Narayan Sinha
Succeeded by	Kodardas Kalidas Shah
Personal details
Born	Indira Priyadarshini Nehru 19 November 1917 Allahabad, United Provinces,British India
Died	31 October 1984 (aged 66) New Delhi, India
Political party	Indian National Congress
Spouse(s)	Feroze Gandhi
Children	Rajiv Sanjay
Parents	Jawaharlal Nehru Kamala Nehru
Alma mater	Visva-Bharati University Somerville College, Oxford
Religion	Hinduism
Signature	THE HUMAN TOUCH

Tuesday, 17 November 2015

INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS

THE TOUCH OF HUMAN

INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS

THE HUMAN TOUCH

INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS

THE HUMAN TOUCH

Monday, 16 November 2015

VISHWA HINDU PARISHAD BAJRANG DAL

Sunday, 15 November 2015

Applied Strength of Materials for Engineering Technology

Applied Strength of Materials for Engineering Technology

Defnitions -

Allowable (stress, load, etc.)..............Permitted for safe design.

Bending moment, M ........................Moment in a beam that is loaded in bending with transverse loads.
Bending stress, σ ..............................A normal stress along the length of a beam that develops due to transverse loading.
Buckling.............................................Collapse of a long, thin member under longitudinal compressive loading, at a load much lower than the load that causes yielding in tension.
Density, ρ .........................................Mass density is the mass of an object or fluid divided by its volume. See specific weight entry for weight density.
Distributed load, w ...........................Force acting over a length (such as the weight of a beam) or area (such as a snow load on a roof). Compare point load.
Eccentricity, e ...................................Distance between the neutral axis of a part and the location of an applied point load.
Effective length of a column..............Portion of the length of a column that bows like a fully pinned column.
Elastic deformation.............................Temporary deformation; release the load and the part returns to its original shape. Compare plastic deformation.
Elastic modulus, E ...........................A measure of the stiffness of a material (the resistance to elastically deforming under a given load.) The slope of the linear elastic portion of the stress-strain curve. Also called Young's modulus or modulus of elasticity.
Euler critical buckling load, Pcr .......The load at which an ideal Euler column will fail, assuming perfect material and perfectly aligned loading.
Factor of Safety, F.S...........................The material's strength (typically yield strength) divided by the actual stress in the part. Also called “factor of ignorance” because it includes unknowns such as materials defects, improper installation, abuse by the operator, lack of maintenance, corrosion or rot, temperature variations, etc.
Fillet weld...........................................A weld with a triangular cross section used for joining lapped plates. Unlike soldering or brazing, welding involves melting the base metal as well as the joining material.
General shear formula........................Equation for finding the shear stress within a beam of any shape.
Joint efficiency...................................The efficiency of a bolted or welded joint is the lowest allowable load divided by the allowable load of the weaker of the two plates some distance from the joint.
Longitudinal direction........................Along the length of a part, such as a beam or shaft. Compare transverse direction.
Longitudinal stress, σ .......................A normal stress that develops in a tensile or compressive member due to longitudinal loading. Modulus of elasticity, E ...................See elastic modulus.
Moment, M .......................................More accurately called a force moment, the product of a length and a transversely applied force. Used in beam problems. There are other types of moment (such as area moment: the product of a length and an area).
Moment of inertia, I .........................More accurately called “second moment of area”. Divide a shape into n tiny areas a, each at a distance y from the x-x centroidal axis, and sum the areas and distances as I x=∑1 n ai yi 2 . The larger the moment of inertia, the greater the bending load a beam can support, and the less bending deflection will occur.
Normal................................................Perpendicular, in the mathematical sense.
Normal stress, σ ...............................Force divided by area, when the force acts perpendicular to the area. Tensile and compressive stresses are normal stresses.
Plastic deformation.............................Permanent deformation; release the load and the part remains distorted. Compare elastic deformation.
Plastic section modulus, Z ................Sum of the first moments of areas above and below the neutral axis of a steel beam. Used for calculating bending stresses in structural steel beams.
Point load, P .....................................Force acting at a single point. Compare distributed load.
Poisson's ratio, ν ..............................A mechanical property of engineering materials equal to the negative of the transverse strain divided by longitudinal strain. A measure of how much a tensile member will thin during elastic deformation.
Polar moment of inertia, J ................More accurately called “polar second moment of area”. Divide a shape into n tiny areas a, each at a distance r from the centroid, and sum the areas and distances as J =∑1 n ai ri 2 . The larger the polar moment of inertia, the greater the torque a shaft can support, and the less angular twist will be produced.
Pressure (of a fluid), p .....................Fluid equivalent of normal stress. A pressurized gas produces a uniform pressure perpendicular to the walls of the pressure vessel. A pressurized liquid produces a uniform pressure in a small pressure vessel; the pressure is nonuniform in a tall vessel due to gravity (lower pressure at the top, higher at the bottom).
Radius of curvature, R .....................If a beam segment is bent with a constant bending moment, the segment becomes a circular arc with a radius of curvature, R.
Radius of gyration, rG ......................Concentrate an area at a distance r from the x-x neutral axis. If the moment of inertia of the original area is the same as for the concentrated area, then rGx is the radius of gyration about the x-x axis. The larger the radius of gyration, the more resistant a column is to buckling. Calculate rG=√I / A .
Reaction moment, M A or M B ........Moment at reaction point A or B which supports a transversely loaded cantilever beam.
Reaction force, RA or RB ................Forces at reaction points A or B which support a transversely loaded beam.
Section modulus, S ...........................Moment of inertia divided by the distance from the neutral axis to the surface. The larger the section modulus, the more resistant a beam is to bending.
Shear modulus, G .............................The shear analog to Young's modulus: shear stress divided by shear strain in an elastic material.
Shear load, V ....................................Transverse load on a beam.
Shear plane.........................................In a bolted joint with two plates pulling in opposite directions, the shear plane is the transverse plane within a bolt that lies at the interface of the two plates.
Shear strain, γ ..................................Shear deflection divided by original unit length
Shear stress, τ ...................................Force divided area, when the force acts parallel to the area.
Specific weight, γ ............................Specific weight, a.k.a. weight density, is the weight of an object or fluid divided by its volume. The symbol, lower case gamma, is also used for shear strain. In this text, plain gamma means shear strain, while bold gamma means specific weight. See density entry for mass density.
Strain (normal), ε .............................Change in length of a material under normal load divided by initial length.
Stress..................................................See normal stress, shear stress, bending stress, torsional stress, longitudinal stress.
Stress concentration............................A locally high stress due to a sharp discontinuity in shape, such as a hole or notch with a small radius. While the overall stress in the part may be at a safe level, the stress at the discontinuity can exceed yield or ultimate strength, causing failure.
Tensile strength, σUTS .......................Maximum stress on the stress-strain diagram. Beyond this point, the material necks and soon breaks.
Thermal expansion coefficient, α ....Materials property that determines how much a material expands or contracts with changing temperature.
Torque, T ..........................................Rotational moment applied to a shaft. Units of moment and torque are the same (force × distance).
Torsion................................................Twisting of a shaft due to an applied torque.
Torsional stress, τ ............................A shear stress that develops in a shaft due to torsional loading.
Transfer distance, d ..........................Term used in calculating moment of inertia of a compound shape.
Transverse direction...........................Perpendicular (crosswise) to the length of a long part, such as a beam or shaft. Compare longitudinal direction.
Ultimate tensile strength, σUTS .........See tensile strength.
Yield strength, σYS ............................Below the yield strength, a material is elastic; above it, the material is plastic.
Young's modulus, E .........................See elastic modulus.

HISTORY OF DIESEL ENGINE

DIESEL ENGINE

The diesel engine (also known as a compression-ignition or 'CI' engine) is aninternal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel that has been injected into the combustion chamber is initiated by the high temperature which a gas achieves when greatly compressed (adiabatic compression). This contrasts with spark-ignition engines such as a petrol engine (gasoline engine) or gas engine (using a gaseous fuel as opposed to petrol), which use a spark plug to ignite an air-fuel mixture.

A Diesel engine built by MAN AG in 1906

The diesel engine has the highest thermal efficiency (engine efficiency) of any practical internal or external combustion engine due to its very high compression ratio and inherent lean burn which enables heat dissipation by the excess air. A small efficiency loss is also avoided compared to two-stroke non-direct-injection gasoline engines since unburnt fuel is not present at valve overlap and therefore no fuel goes directly from the intake/injection to the exhaust. Low-speed diesel engines (as used in ships and other applications where overall engine weight is relatively unimportant) can have a thermal efficiency that exceeds 50%.^[1]^[2]

Diesel engines are manufactured in two-stroke and four-stroke versions. They were originally used as a more efficient replacement for stationary steam engines. Since the 1910s they have been used in submarines and ships. Use in locomotives, trucks,heavy equipment and electricity generation plants followed later. In the 1930s, they slowly began to be used in a few automobiles. Since the 1970s, the use of diesel engines in larger on-road and off-road vehicles in the USA increased. According to the British Society of Motor Manufacturing and Traders, the EU average for diesel cars accounts for 50% of the total sold, including 70% in France and 38% in the UK.^[3]

The world's largest diesel engine is currently a Wärtsilä-Sulzer RTA96-C Common Rail marine diesel, which produces a peak power output of 84.42 MW (113,210 hp) at 102 rpm.^[4]^[5]

THE HUMAN TOUCH

Tuesday, 10 November 2015

How to Know What a Girl Wants in a Guy............

1 Be honest, but not brutally honest. Girls like guys who are honest with them about things going on in their lives, but you don’t need to tell her when she isn’t looking 100%. Many people have rough days.

2

Ask her what makes her happy. Be direct to discover what specific things you should and should not do to ensure she stays happy. Having a relationship built on open communication and honesty is crucial to ensure that it's going to last.
3
Be understanding. A girl wants you to get to know her on a deep level so they don’t have to always explain herself. Learn to be empathetic to her and be able to understand things she is going through.^[2]
- Don’t dismiss her problems or concerns.
- Be aware of little things that upset her.
- Be willing to go out of your way to do the things she wants.
4
Listen actively during conversations. Girls like to talk; they want guys who truly listen and are able to open up and talk back as well. Communication is a two way street that requires both parties to listen and speak.^[3]
- Allow her to speak her mind without dominating the conversation.
- Listen without trying to solve all the problems.
- Rephrase what she says and repeat it back telling her you understand what she said.
5
Pay attention to non-verbal cues. Girls communicate with more than just words. Be aware of the signals she's sending when she isn't talking.
- Watch her body language to see if she likes something or if it makes her uncomfortable.
- Listen to the tone of her voice, not just the words, to find hidden inflections.
- Look into her eyes when she smiles. A true smile can be seen in the eyes and you can learn what makes her truly happy.
- 6
  
  Compliment her to show her you care about her. A girl likes to be complimented not only on her looks, but also about her abilities like her intellect, sports skills, or sense of humor.^[5].
- 7
  Don’t take her for granted. Girls like to be appreciated. Show gratitude when they do things for you, even the small things.^[6]
  - Recognize and thank her for the things she does.
  - Let her know you’re grateful through your words and actions.
- THE HUMAN TOUCH